PERANCANGAN ZIRAPUSMA-SPRAY SEBAGAI SISTEM ASSISTED POLLINATION OTOMATIS BERBASIS IOT UNTUK MENDUKUNG PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT BERKELANJUTAN

Maisarah; Gladys Florecita Daud; Dzati Hanani Hidayat; Puan Fatimah Cahyadi; Serpi Srimuliati

doi:10.47199/jae.v10i1.461

Authors

Maisarah Universitas Malikussaleh
Gladys Florecita Daud Institut Teknologi Sawit Indonesia
Dzati Hanani Hidayat Institut Teknologi Sawit Indonesia
Puan Fatimah Cahyadi Institut Teknologi Sawit Indonesia
Serpi Srimuliati Institut Teknologi Sawit Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47199/jae.v10i1.461

Keywords:

assisted pollination, Elaeidobius kamerunicus, fruit set, IoT, oil palm

Abstract

Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) merupakan komoditas unggulan Indonesia yang menyumbang sekitar 30% dari total produksi minyak nabati global. Produktivitas kelapa sawit sangat bergantung pada efisiensi penyerbukan, yang selama ini ditopang oleh serangga penyerbuk utama Elaeidobius kamerunicus (EK). Namun, populasi EK mengalami penurunan lebih dari 60% dalam lima tahun terakhir akibat penggunaan pestisida yang tidak terkontrol, perubahan iklim, dan fenomena Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). Kondisi ini mendorong kebutuhan akan sistem assisted pollination (aspol) yang lebih efisien dan berbasis teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep perancangan Zirapusma-Spray, yaitu alat penyerbukan otomatis berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) dan mikrokontroler Arduino Uno, melalui metode kajian literatur sistematis. Literatur yang dikaji berasal dari 28 artikel ilmiah terseleksi dari database Scopus dan SINTA yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2013 hingga 2024. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Zirapusma-Spray dirancang dengan mengintegrasikan mikrokontroler Arduino Uno, motor DC mini, nozzle spray, LCD, push button, modul komunikasi WiFi/GSM, dan baterai portabel. Sistem ini diproyeksikan mampu meningkatkan konsistensi distribusi serbuk sari, efisiensi penyerbukan, keselamatan kerja, dan keberlanjutan pengelolaan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Pengujian prototipe di lapangan diperlukan untuk memvalidasi efektivitas rancangan ini. Integrasi teknologi IoT memungkinkan pemantauan real-time dan pengendalian parameter penyerbukan secara konsisten. Konsep Zirapusma-Spray diproyeksikan mampu meningkatkan efisiensi penyerbukan dibandingkan metode manual, sekaligus mengurangi risiko kecelakaan kerja dan mengoptimalkan penggunaan sumber daya. Kajian ini memberikan landasan ilmiah bagi pengembangan dan pengujian lapangan sistem aspol otomatis pada perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia.

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